Handeln von Ärztinnen und Ärzten im biographischen Kontext: zur Verknüpfung von Biographie- und Interaktionsanalyse

"Die zentrale Fragestellung des Vortrages ist die nach der biographischen Entwicklung gegenwärtigen Interaktionen der MedizinerInnen mit ihren PatientInnen. Hierbei muss betont werden, dass es nicht darum geht, lineare Kausalzusammenhänge anzunehmen, sprich von Ursache- und Wirkungsbeziehungen auszugehen, sondern darum, die wechselseitige Wirkungsbeziehung der beiden Ebenen zu rekonstruieren. Ziel ist es also, die Entwicklungsebenen Biographie und Ablauf einer einzelnen Begegnung in ihrer Interrelation zu untersuchen. Um sich dieser Interrelation anzunähern bzw. das erwähnte Risiko der Annahme linearer Kausalitäten auszuschließen, ist eine Verknüpfung interpretativer Methoden notwendig, denn es gilt sowohl den Lebensverlauf der einzelnen Ärztin/des einzelnen Arztes zu rekonstruieren, als auch deren/ dessen konkrete Interaktionen mit ihren PatientInnen in den Blick zu nehmen. Hierzu bietet sich einerseits die Methode der biographischen Fallrekonstruktion an, andererseits eine sequenzielle und abduktive Analyse von videographierten Konsultationen der Ärztin/ des Arztes. Im Rahmen des Vortrags wird ein methodisches Vorgehen vorgestellt, das eine Verknüpfung beider Betrachtungsebenen und Verfahren ermöglicht. Zunächst sollen dazu am Beispiel einer niedergelassenen Allgemeinmedizinerin die Ergebnisse der unabhängig voneinander durchgeführten Auswertungen vorgestellt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch kurz das genannte Verfahren zur Analyse von Videomaterial erläutert. Im Anschluss daran wird der theoretische und empirische Gewinn aufgezeigt, der mit der Zusammenführung beider genannter Betrachtungsebenen erzielt werden kann." (Autorenreferat

Improvement of Early Recognition of Attacks in Karate Kumite Due to Training in Virtual Reality

In a Virtual Reality training, young karate athletes divided in two groups (intervention vs. control group) responded to attacks of a virtual opponent. For the analysis, the first reaction of the responding karate athletes was detected. From that point three reaction times were subtracted to analyze the attack of the virtual opponent at the time of the recognition of the real athlete. The attacks were divided into four movement stages. Analysis of Variance (ANOVAs) with repeated measures and estimation of effect sizes as well as Bonferroni post-hoc tests were applied to calculate interactions between time (PRE to POST), group (intervention vs. control) and reaction time (150 ms vs. 255 ms vs. 370 ms). We found significant effects for time and time x group interactions for the attacks Gyaku-Zuki and Kizami-Zuki as well as an effect for time x reaction time in Gyaku-Zuki (all p < 0.001), but no significant effects for time x group x reaction time in both attacks (p > 0.05). Paired t-tests showed significant improvements in attack recognition from PRE to POST for the intervention group, but not for the control group. At the pretest all athletes responded to late movement stages (extension of the pushing arm) while the intervention group responded to early movement stages (preparing steps and reduction of distance before the attack) at the posttest due to the Virtual Reality training. Early steps for the preparation of the attack and the reduction of distance seem to be important signals for attack recognition

Diagnose Entwicklungsstörung

This empirical study reconstructs relations between the parents of children diagnosed as having special needs and professional members of the healthcare and help systems in Germany. The main focus is on interactions between the different groups of actors along the questions of how important these systems are for stimulating the children’s development, and what role is played by the family history of the parents and the present situation of the families. Case examples are presented in this volume of five families with different family histories and different ethnic and religious belongings, and above all with different experiences of professional help

Biographische Fallrekonstruktionen und Sequenzanalysen videographierter Interaktionen: zur Verknüpfung von Daten und Methoden

Im Folgenden wollen wir die von uns in verschiedenen Forschungskontexten angewandte Verknüpfung von biographischen Fallrekonstruktionen (Rosenthal 1995) mit Sequenzanalysen videographierter Interaktionen vorstellen. Mit diesem noch in der Entwicklung befindlichen Vorgehen intendieren wir eine konsequente methodische Umsetzung einer interaktionsanalytischen und figurationssoziologischen Perspektive in der Biographieforschung – im Sinne einer Verknüpfung von Interaktionsanalysen mit der Rekonstruktion der lebensgeschichtlichen Entstehung und Veränderung von Handlungsmustern in unterschiedlichen Lebensbereichen.This manuscript presents a combination of interpretive methods, i.e. biographical case reconstruction, with a sequential analysis method for videotaped interactions. With this approach, the authors want to strengthen the methodical implementation of an interaction-analytical and figuration-sociological perspective in biographical research - in the sense of a consequent integration of the analysis of interactive processes in different figurations of interdependent human beings. In addition, the authors aim is to combine these sequential analyses of interactions with the reconstruction of the development and transformation of patterns of action in different spheres of life. First, the authors present methodological considerations and develop a methodical design. In a second part of the paper, a method for the sequential analysis of interactions recorded on videotape will be described. The specific use of a methodical procedure always depends upon the particular research question and the field of research. Therefore the authors illustrate their approach using doctor-patient interaction as their example

Health related quality of life of immigrant children: towards a new pattern in Germany?

Background: To study Health related quality of life (HRQoL) of a sample of kindergarten children with migration background. Methods: Five kindergartens in Frankfurt/Main and Darmstadt (Germany) participated. HRQoL was measured with the Kiddy-KINDL (KK) in 3 to 5 year old children. We examined the associations of HRQoL with socio-demographic variables, positive development and resilience, socio-emotional and motor development. Linear regression models were applied to examine differences in HRQoL between migrant and native-born German children. Results: The response rate was 90.5% (N = 283). The children had predominantly migrant background (81.35%). Perceived health was slightly higher in migrants (69.85, SD 17.00) compared to native-born German children (68.33, SD 17.31, p > 0.05), even though migrant children were characterized by a lower socio-economic status (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Results suggest that HRQoL at early ages in our study exhibits a different pattern than reported previously in studies among older individuals. We attribute the discrepancy partly to a possible changing pattern of migration in Europe with more migrants capable to migrate with healthy profiles, and to the age of our population. Our findings underscore the need to study the life course trajectory of HRQoL among young immigrants and replication in representative samples

Pediatric Health-Related Quality of Life:A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Objectives: One of the most referenced theoretical frameworks to measure Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is the Wilson and Cleary framework. With some adaptions this framework has been validated in the adult population, but has not been tested in pediatric populations. Our goal was to empirically investigate it in children.Methods: The contributory factors to Health Related Quality of Life that we included were symptom status (presence of chronic disease or hospitalizations), functional status (developmental status), developmental aspects of the individual (social-emotional) behavior, and characteristics of the social environment (socioeconomic status and area of education). Structural equation modeling was used to assess the measurement structure of the model in 214 German children (3-5 years old) participating in a follow-up study that investigates pediatric health outcomes.Results: Model fit was chi(2) = 5.5; df = 6; p = 0.48; SRMR = 0.01. The variance explained of Health Related Quality of Life was 15%. Health Related Quality of Life was affected by the area education (i.e. where kindergartens were located) and development status. Developmental status was affected by the area of education, socioeconomic status and individual behavior. Symptoms did not affect the model.Conclusions: The goodness of fit and the overall variance explained were good. However, the results between children' and adults' tests differed and denote a conceptual gap between adult and children measures. Indeed, there is a lot of variety in pediatric Health Related Quality of Life measures, which represents a lack of a common definition of pediatric Health Related Quality of Life. We recommend that researchers invest time in the development of pediatric Health Related Quality of Life theory and theory based evaluations.</p